Harrapa and Mohenjo Daro were the two largest settlements in the Indus Valley region.
The Harappan culture formed in two river valleys; the Indus in Pakistan, and the Sarasvati in north India.
The Harappan civilization, located in the Indus Valley, had significant trading connections with Mesopotamia. Traders likely utilized overland routes through the Arabian Desert and possibly maritime routes via the Persian Gulf to facilitate trade between the two regions. Goods such as textiles, metals, and agricultural products were exchanged, highlighting the sophistication of their trade networks.
There were two main rivers in the Indus Valley Civilization; The Ghaggar-Hakra and the Indus.
The Harappan civilization, located in the Indus Valley, typically featured standardized burial practices with graves often containing pottery, jewelry, and sometimes elaborate seals, indicating a focus on uniformity and community. In contrast, Mesopotamian cemeteries were more diverse, reflecting a range of burial practices influenced by social stratification, with varying grave goods depending on the individual's status. Additionally, while Harappan burials tended to be less elaborate and often lacked monumental structures, Mesopotamian sites frequently included more significant tombs and elaborate burial rituals. This disparity highlights the differing cultural values and social structures of the two civilizations.
Harappan writing, used by the Indus Valley Civilization, consists of short, undeciphered symbols, primarily found on seals and pottery. Unlike hieroglyphs, which are a well-documented writing system combining logographic and alphabetic elements used by ancient Egyptians, Harappan script remains largely a mystery. While both systems served as tools for communication, the lack of bilingual inscriptions and the brevity of Harappan texts hinder our understanding of their meaning and structure. Consequently, while there are some similarities in their use as symbols for recording information, the contexts and comprehensibility of the two systems differ significantly.
The Harappan culture formed in two river valleys; the Indus in Pakistan, and the Sarasvati in north India.
Mohenjo Daro and Harappa. Harappa gave its name to this Indus Valley culture...hence the Harappan civilization
Sumer and Egypt were contemporary civilizations with Harappa.
The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilization, which was centred mostly in the western part of the Indian Subcontinent, and which flourished around the Indus river basin. Primarily centered along the Indus and the Punjab region, the civilization extended into the Ghaggar-Hakra River valley, and the Ganges-Yamuna Doab river valley, encompassing most of what is now Pakistan. The Civilization is split into two parts, the Mehrgarh and the Harappan Civilizations, which are further sud-divided into Mehrgarh I and II, from 7,000 Bc to 3,300 BC. The Harappan Civilization is sub-divided into Early, Mature and Late Civilization. Early Harappan from 3,300 BC to 2,600 BC, further sub divided into Harappan 1, 3,330 to 2,800BC and Harappan 2, 2,800 to 2,600, BC. Mature Harappan from 2,600BC to 1,900BC. Further divided into Harappan 3A, 2,600 BC to 2,450BC. Harappan 3B, 2,450BC to 2,200BC. Harappan 3C, 2,200BC to 1,900BC. Late Harappan from 1,900BC to 1,300BC. Further divided into Harappan 4, 1,900BC to 1700 BC. Harappan 5, 1,700BC to 1,300 BC. From 1,300 BC to 300BC, there is still evidence of a IVC, but it was very regional, and nothing like the main civilizations mentioned above.
greek
cities and goverment
harappa and lothal
The two prominent civilizations that existed in the Indus Valley at the same time were the Harappan Civilization and the contemporaneous cultures of the nearby regions, such as the early Vedic culture. The Harappan Civilization, known for its advanced urban planning and architecture, thrived around 2600 to 1900 BCE. While specific interactions between these cultures are less documented, they coexisted in the broader context of ancient South Asian civilization during that period.
Cuzco and i dont know the other.
Colombo and Kandy
Tyre and Sidon/
Tripoli and Benghazi