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In 1922 the partition of Ireland occurred creating Northern Ireland and what was then called the Irish Free State, which would eventually become known as the Republic of Ireland.

The independent Free State was the result of the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921), which was settled by the Government of Ireland Act 1920. The act specifically allowed the 6 mostly-Protestant, pro-union counties in the north (partly colonized by British settlers) to "opt out" and remain part of Great Britain, which they did.

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