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Odessa, on the Black Sea, was Russia's only warm-water port during World War I.

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky on the far eastern Pacific usually does not freeze in the winter but even today it has not land transport access for sailors.

Murmansk, warmed by the Gulf Stream, was only built during the war to serve sailors, and Vladivostok still frezes over in the winter but has for a long time been kept open by icebreakers.

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12y ago

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