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Tsar Alexander II, who ruled from 1855 to 1881, is known for freeing the serfs in 1861 through the Emancipation Reform. This landmark legislation aimed to modernize Russia and improve its economic conditions. Alongside the abolition of serfdom, Alexander II also implemented various reforms that facilitated industrialization, including improvements in infrastructure and the introduction of new technologies. His reign marked a significant shift towards modernization in Russia, although the changes were met with mixed reactions and challenges.

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