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The Soviet Union Launched Sputnik 1

Some may say Sputnik, but that isn't true, the US space program was already in place. Germans developed rockets for war purposes during WW2 and some of their scientists 'defected' to the US after the war, again not the real beginning. In the 1920's or 30's Robert Goddard pioneered rocketry, and he was an American, still this may not be it. Jules Vern wrote a book or short story about a trip to the moon, Science Fiction but this got people like Goddard started thinking about space travel. That gets my vote.

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