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In the Republican period 5th to 1st Century BCE, it was divided - ultimate power rested with the three assemblies of the citizens - the Centuriate, Tribal and Plebeian Assemblies.

The Senate, Consuls and other Magistrates were responsible for implementing the decisions of the assemblies, and carrying out day-to-day actions.

In the Principate period 1st Century BCE to 2nd Century CE, the emperors exercised increasing influence and power by assuming control of the border provinces (where the army was) and taking on the powers of pro-consul (which gave them power outside the city) and tribunes of the plebs (which gave them the right of veto in the popular assembly).

In the Imperial period 3rd Century onward the Emperor exercised full power using the Senate.as his arm of government.

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8y ago

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