Who lives in Mesopotamia now after the Israelites?

Answer 1

The Israelites as such never lived in Mesopotamia. Abraham abandoned Mesopotamia before the Israelites grew as a nation. When Judea was captured and the population transferred to Babylon, the people had already begun to be called Judeans or Jews, not Israelites.

The dominant population currently in Mesopotamia are the Arabs who are mostly ethnic Babylonians who have intermarried with ethnic Arabians and adopted their culture and religion. Mesopotamia also has a Kurdish population in the north and several Assyrian and Babylonian Christian minorities.