Cleisthenes in 507 BCE.
Ancient Greece did not have emperors in the same way that ancient Rome did. Instead, it was composed of various city-states, each with its own form of government, such as democracy in Athens and oligarchy in Sparta. Some city-states had powerful leaders or tyrants, but these were not emperors. The concept of an emperor is more closely associated with the Roman Empire that followed the Greek period.
The chief rival of Sparta in ancient Greece was Athens. The two city-states represented contrasting cultures and political systems, with Sparta being a militaristic oligarchy and Athens a democratic center of arts and philosophy. Their competition culminated in the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE), which ultimately led to Athens's defeat and a brief period of Spartan dominance in Greece.
Athens flourished and developed its style of government primarily in the 5th century BCE, during what is often referred to as the Golden Age of Athens. This period saw the establishment of democracy under leaders like Cleisthenes and Pericles, allowing citizens to participate in political decision-making. The city became a cultural and intellectual center, influencing art, philosophy, and political thought that still resonate today.
Athens had many leader over the centuries. Which period did you mean?
Both states had limited democracies - with citizens being adult males who voted during assemblies on motions put before them. For a short period Athens had a radical democracy, with the citizens voting on issues each fortnight, a councilt carrying out their decisions, and juries deciding on law cases.
Over a period of a thousand years it went from Monarchy to Oligarchy to Tyranny to Oligarchy to Limited Democracy to Direct Democracy to broad-based Oligarchy to Direct Democracy to Oligarchy to Direct Democracy etc etc.
Sparta's government was an oligarchy. An oligarchy is where a few citizens have a say in the government.
The Republic.
It started as monarchy, replaced by oligarchy, then tyranny, then limited democracy, democracy, radical democracy, and reverted to limited democracy, then oligarchy, then limited democracy, over a period of a thousand years.
Japan was an oligarchy in the Meiji period that lasted until 1912.
The term that best describes Greek government during the Classical period is "democracy," particularly as exemplified by the city-state of Athens. This form of government allowed citizens to participate directly in decision-making and political processes, distinguishing it from other forms of governance like oligarchy or monarchy. However, it's important to note that this democracy was limited, as it excluded women, slaves, and non-citizens.
In the democratic period, by decisions of the citizens in fortnightly assemblies, implemented by the Council of 500.
First an oligarchy headed by Cimon after the Persian invasion, then briefly Ephialtes who brought back democratic government, then Perricles until his death from the plague, then a series of populists who led the city decline.
Minamoto
Ancient Greece did not have emperors in the same way that ancient Rome did. Instead, it was composed of various city-states, each with its own form of government, such as democracy in Athens and oligarchy in Sparta. Some city-states had powerful leaders or tyrants, but these were not emperors. The concept of an emperor is more closely associated with the Roman Empire that followed the Greek period.
The chief rival of Sparta in ancient Greece was Athens. The two city-states represented contrasting cultures and political systems, with Sparta being a militaristic oligarchy and Athens a democratic center of arts and philosophy. Their competition culminated in the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE), which ultimately led to Athens's defeat and a brief period of Spartan dominance in Greece.
By that period it was an oligarchy, not a monarchy.