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In the 4th Century BCE, after an initial period of Spartan dominance, Thebes defeated Sparta and took over the dominant role, Athens tried to reestablish its empire, and in mid-century in the background Macedonia under Philip began its rise to power. Macedonia dominated in the second half of the 4th Century BCE until Alexander's death, then the Hellenistic Kingdoms under Alexander's generals-turned-kings contended for power in the eastern Mediterranean. Rome's intervention at the beginning of the 2nd Century BCE progressively saw the Hellenistic Kingdoms swallowed up over the succeeding two centuries.

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16y ago

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