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Arabella Mansfield (née Belle Aurelia Babb) was the first woman to pass the bar exam when she did so on June 9, 1868. She was admitted to the Iowa bar in 1869. However, rather than practicing law, Mansfield (and her husband John Mansfield, a chemistry professor) chose to focus on academic careers.

Myra Bradwell (née Myra Colby) passed the Illinois bar exam in 1869. She applied to practice law in Illinois but was prevented from doing so, due to gender, until 1892.

When Bradwell appealed to the US Supreme Court that she be allowed to practice law Associate Justice Joseph P. Bradley stated in the decision to decline to her appeal:

The natural and proper timidity and delicacy which belongs to the female sex evidently unfits it for many occupations of civil life... The paramount destiny and mission of women are to fulfill the noble and benign office of wife and mother. This is the law of the Creator. In 1892, the US Supreme Court granted Bradwell a law license retroactive to the date of her application. In addition, Myra Bradwell was the first woman to join a bar association.

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