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The highest authority in both mediaeval and present day monasteries is the abbot derived from 'abbas' meaning 'father'. 'Abbas' comes to us from Aramaic via Old English Latin and Greek. Because monks live in an environment closed off from the everyday world or as one might say 'the world in microcosm', the abbot within a monastery is a titular bishop and is entitled to wear the apparel and trappings of a bishop. Within the walls of the monastery his authority is absolute. Similarly, the highest authority in a monastery of nuns is the 'abbess'

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