Who were the enemy to the English in the middle ages?

Answer 1

England came about as a result of the unification of a number of small Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, such as Wessex, Mercia, and Northumbria, which fought with each other. If we are dealing with the English as begin people after that time, their primary enemies were the Danes and other Vikings, the Welsh, Normans, the Scots, and France. There were a number of others, but really none that would be likely to invade.

Answer 2

The idea of exactly who were "English" changed over the very long medieval period.

In Saxon times (up to 1066) the English were made up of Jutes, Frisians, Saxons, Angles, Wends, Franks and other German invaders who called themselves "English".

The Normans arrived in 1066 as enemies of the "English" but they conquered and remained, becoming integrated as part of the population by the early 12th century. They were definitely not French, but Scandinavians who had settled in part of France that became Normandy - they considered themselves to be a separate Norman people.

The Scots were enemies of these Anglo-Normans during the 12th century and beyond; the Welsh represented a smaller but equally dangerous threat until Wales was eventually subjugated.

By the 13th century English kings were fighting wars against the French which went on until the 15th century.