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The first Europeans to build forts along the West African coast were the Portuguese in the late 15th century. They established trading posts and fortified structures as part of their efforts to control the lucrative trade in gold, spices, and slaves. Notable examples include the fort at Elmina, built in 1482, which became a significant center for the transatlantic slave trade. Other European powers, such as the Dutch and British, later followed suit, expanding their own fortifications in the region.

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