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The area of Rome was already settled more than half a century before the foundation of Rome. The earliest archaeological evidence of human settlement dates to the 14th-13th century BC. Rome's date of foundation was given as 753 BC. The foundation of Rome did not involve the construction of a new city. It involved the unification of independent settlements on what were to be the Seven Hills of Rome (the Capitoline, Palatine, Caelian, Esquiline, Aventine, Viminal and Quirinal Hills) under a single state ruled by Romulus (Rome's founder and first king)

The inhabitants of five of the seven hills were Latins. The inhabitants of the two other hills were Sabines.

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