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During the Monarchy the king made the laws. At the beginning of the Republic legislation was proposed by the consuls and voted on by the assemblies. The lex Canuleia of 445 BC marked the beginning of the issuing of laws by the tribunes of the plebeians, who eventually issued most of the laws. In 287 BC, plebiscites, deliberations of the plebeian council, were given the force of law and were applicable to the whole of the Roman people (populus). Initially, these applied only to the plebeians. Praetors, who were like chief justices, could issue edicts to amend laws so as correct and supplement them. Over time,the amendments effectively became like new laws and they created a praetoric body of law parallel to civil law. Eventually, the two were fused into the famous Corpus Juris Civilis. The Senate passed decrees called senatus consulta, as "advice" to a magistrate which did not have legal force, but were usually followed. A law passed by an assembly overrode the senate's consultum if it conflicted with it because the latter's authority was based on precedent and not on law. With the empire, the power of the assemblies was transferred to the senate and the senatus consulta acquired the force of law. The emperor was also a law maker. As the Romans started to apply scientific methods of juridical matters, the treatises of professional jurists became very influential.

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