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They were great breeders (no TV then to watch). Even their constant wars could not keep the populations of their city-states down.

As the land in mainland Greece was mostly poor and their farms were small, it was not possible to split a subsistence farm up amongst several surviving sons. These therefore became non-propertied, low class and a disruptive element in the community.

The solution was to load them in a ship and send them off to other locations around the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts, there to seize land, set up new cities, and become part of the propertied class in the new location. Thus the Greeks spread right around the two seas.

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