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The issue was put to a statewide vote, and the eligible voters chose secession. The eligible voters were white males, who owned property. By the time the referendum could be held, every state bordering North Carolina had already seceded. North Carolina was the twelfth southern state to leave the Union. The referendum was not called for, and leaders were still advocating a peaceful resolution to the crisis, when Fort Sumter was fired on and surrendered, and the next day President Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to "suppress the rebellion". Each state was assigned a quota to produce this total of 75,000 troops, including North Carolina. This put North Carolina to the choice, of either helping make war on her neighbors, or casting her lot with them. It was only at this juncture that the referendum to vote on the issue was scheduled, and the voting took place more than a month after Fort Sumter. North Carolina, with only one decent port, had been initially settled mostly by people moving in from Virginia and South Carolina, so many Tar Heels had relatives in those neighboring states. And what's often not understood today is that many people believed, right up until the opposite view was enforced at gunpoint in the Civil War, that states had a perfect right to secede if they wanted to. This was not the first time the idea had been brought up.

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