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Waltzing Matlida epitomised the underdog, the hard-working hero of the land who was unjustly accused by the police. Ever since the convicts first landed on Australian shores, many groups of Australians have glorified the underdog. The song also drew attention to the difficult conditions surrounding the Great Shearer's Strike of the late 1800s. The lyrics were based on the story of a man named Samuel "Frenchy" Hoffmeister. In September 1894, on the Dagworth sheep station north of Winton, Queensland, some shearers were in a strike that turned violent. The strikers fired off their rifles and pistols in the air and then set fire to the woolshed at the Dagworth Homestead, killing over a hundred sheep. The owner of Dagworth Homestead and three policemen pursued Hoffmeister who, rather than be captured, shot and killed himself at a billabong.

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