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Russia surrendered because of many factors including a lack of food and clothing, as well as a surprisingly high number of casualties from the war.

Russia did not so much surrender as made peace with Germany on terms that were harsh toward Russia but not as harsh as they would have been had Russia surrendered. The reason it made peace was that Lenin and the Bolshevik government had promised the Russian soldiers, workers and peasants that it would end the war. Lenin tried to stall making peace for awhile and at one time actually thought about continuing a defensive war with Germany. He realized that if he did that he faced both a revolt against his regime by his own country or a military defeat at the hands of the German Army. In either case he and his Bolsheviks would have been thrown out of power. He made the peace to stay in power.

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