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The flintlock musket used by the British in the 18th century and into the beginning of the 19th century was meant to be reloaded very quickly. So although they were .75 caliber (3/4 of an inch inside the barrel) they used a much smaller musket ball. For, as each shot was made, residue built up inside the barrel, and since they couldn't stop the battle to clean out the muskets, the barrels clogged up slowly and bit by bit after every shot..., so to be able to load that last shot in their ammo box, they needed a much smaller bullet. The musket then was only effective when used in groups, at about 50 yards. The musket could be loaded with a large round bullet, for accurate shooting out to 100 yards, but after only a few shots the soldier would have to stop and run a damp cloth down the barrel. So the military opted for fast reloading.
There were rifles used at the same time. They were much more accurate at much greater ranges, with an average of 200 - 300 yard accuracy, and some shots were recorded more than 400 yards away. The round ball used in the rifles was smaller than a musket ball, and was wrapped in cloth when loaded. The cloth helped to seal the bullet against the inside of the barrel, so that all of the gas pressure from the exploding gun powder would push the bullet forward. The cloth also helped the bullet to grab onto the twisted grooves cut into the inside of the barrel..., called "rifling". The grooves would spin the bullet just like a football spins when thrown by a quarterback. This makes the bullet more stable. Unlike the musket, though, only 3 or 4 shots could be made with a rifle before the shooter had to take a couple of minutes and wipe the inside of the barrel with a damp rag and his ramrod. The use of the cloth "patch" also slowed down the speed of reloading.
So Muskets reloaded fast (say four shots a minute), but couldn't be reliable past 50 yards, while rifles loaded slow (say 2 shots or less per minute), but they could hit an enemy 4 - 6 times farther away.
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