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The Indian Removal Act, part of an American government policy known as Indian Removal, was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 26, 1830.

The Removal Act paved the way for the reluctant-and often forcible-emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West. The first removal treaty signed after the Removal Act was the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek on September 27, 1830, in which Choctaws in Mississippi ceded land east of the river in exchange for payment and land in the West. The Treaty of New Echota, signed in 1835, resulted in the removal of the Cherokee on the "Trail of Tears".

The Seminoles did not leave peacefully as did other tribes. Along with fugitive slaves, they resisted the removal. The Second Seminole War lasted from 1835 to 1842 and resulted in the forced removal of Seminoles. An estimated 3,000 of the Seminole were killed amongst American soldiers.

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