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The Partition of British India in 1947 created two independent nations, India and Pakistan, based on religious identities—Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan. This partition incited widespread communal violence, leading to a climate of fear and insecurity. As a result, millions of people felt compelled to migrate to the newly formed state that aligned with their religious identity, resulting in one of the largest mass migrations in history, with estimates of up to 15 million people displaced. The upheaval was marked by significant human suffering, loss of life, and enduring communal tensions.

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