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The Catholic Church (which was still intertwined with the government of Spain) wished to increase its grasp by converting new cultures into their faith. The Franciscans who established the California missions believed that they could find salvation through converting nonbelievers, and that hard labor and even pain would produce the humility necessary for Native Americans to save their souls and to become good Spanish citizens.

The militarization of the missions would help ensure that British, French, and Russian competition would remain to the north and east. Government officials also fortified Monterey and San Diego to create safe ports used to resupply their galleons coming to and from Asian trade destinations.

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