Why did the modern trench warfare begin?

Answer 1

Modern trench warfare began during World War I, primarily due to the technological advancements in weaponry, such as machine guns and heavy artillery, which made traditional open battlefield tactics highly deadly. As armies faced mass casualties, they dug extensive networks of trenches for protection and to establish defensive positions. This led to a stalemate on the Western Front, where both sides became entrenched, resulting in prolonged and grueling warfare characterized by limited movement and high casualties. The need for cover and strategic advantage in such a lethal environment fundamentally shaped the nature of combat during the war.