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Because they didn't have enough "hard" cash. They needed something with which to pay their soldiers, buy supplies, and generally keep the Confederacy running, and the taxes they extracted in hard currency couldn't cover it. So, they began printing and spending paper money to cover the shortfall. As any economist knows, however, rapidly printing money for yourself is a recipe for disaster. Inflation ran rampant through the Southern economy as the war dragged on, with Confederate money eventually becoming essentially worthless, similar to the incredible inflation faced by the Weimar Republic in Germany after World War I.

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