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Water density. Cold water is more dense than warmer water, also salty water is more dense than less salty water. The differences in water density from heat (thermal, like at the equator) and salinity cause water cooling near the poles to cool and sink in essence pushing down or sinking. this forces the water there to move (flow), this creates the "conveyor effect". Most Earth Science books talk about that and why it happens.

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13y ago

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