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Potted history - Simon de Montfort rebelled against Henry III of England in the middle of the thirteenth century and tried, with the support of a number of the English aristocracy, to impose a set of limitations on the king called the Provisions of Oxford. It was a similar scenario to Magna Carta, a set, written constitution, but in this case there was no foreign involvement (excepting Simon himself who was French but married to the sister of the king). This was all English. Simon was partially successful as he did force Henry to recognise that if he wanted to raise taxes to pay for foreign wars against the French in attempts to regain what his father lost, he had to ask because the money and manpower were not his and involved the aristocracy in a war that did not matter to them - they no longer had foreign lands but were entirely focused on England.

This in turn led to a parliament of sorts in 1265, not the kind that we imagine today, but a group of barons being asked for their consent to raise money. What makes it so much more than just the barons using brute force, as they did Runnymede, was that Simon insisted that the representatives in this parliament were elected and therefore could be said to represent the voice of those representing.

Simon was killed at the battle of Evesham but the seeds were sown and the English barons would not forget that they liked to be consulted by the crown.

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