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Herodotus, who recorded a history of the Persian Wars, developed a concept of adequately recording certain events affecting society and an ethnic group as a whole by relying on first and second person accounts. His historical records on the Persian Wars, although including historical figures such as Xerxes of Persia and Lysander, were fashioned more off of the Illiad and Odyssey rather than modern day historical textbooks, turning the historical records more into an epic rather than an accurate depicition. Herodotus' successor, Thucydides, also recorded the history of an event affecting Greek society: the Peloppenessian War. Unlike his successor, Thucydides attempted to tune down on Herodotus' somewhat exaggeration and glorification of certain historical events, developing a concept in which history was recorded not using epics or religious metaphors but rather was secularized to provide accurate facts. Although some historians refer to Herodotus as the first historian, Thucydides provided society a new concept in recording history in which has been sustained by historians since then.

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