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Because it was found that any component except an inductor could be made with a semiconductor, so if several were made on the same chip and connected into a complete functional circuit the resulting device could be packaged in a case the same size as that for one transistor.

This was done twice in the lab:

  1. TI did it with germanium, however this process required hand wiring the circuit under a microscope thus was very expensive.
  2. Fairchild did it with silicon and their newly invented "planar" process, which allowed everything including wiring to be integrated.

Fairchild's process won and everybody has done it that way since then.

To simplify things, the IC was invented because it could be and it improved miniaturization and reliability.

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14y ago

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