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The main Greek influence has come through the way it influenced Roman architecture. Much of Renaissance architecture was influenced by Roman architecture. Brunelleschi, the great early Renaissance architect went to Rome to study Roman buildings. A big influence was the discovery of De Architecta, a text book on (Roman) architecture by Vitruvius, a Roman architect and engineer. Palladium was the father of the Palladian style which became very popular in Britain, which was based on the roman mansion. The neo-classical style was based on gthe Graeco-roman style.
The dome was a great Roman achievement The Pantheon and the Hagia Sophia have been regarded as yardsticks for later domes.
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How did roman architecture influence the structure of the White House?
Roman architecture has brought* bridges * The arch* Columns * concrete Without these things, where would our architecture be today?
Why did the Romans use lead for aqueducts?
Because it is easily 'worked' - - it melts at relatively low temperatures, it is easily bent into almost any shape required, it is non-porous, it is almost inert (it doesn't react easily) and it is quite readily available.
What are the three types of architecture that the Romans used?
The Romans did not have three types of architecture. They adopted the three Greek orders (styles) form making columns and their capitals. They also developed the composite order, which mixed elements of two of the three main orders. Roman architecture went way beyond just adopting the three Greek orders for columns. Its biggest feature was what historians call the Roman architectural revolution or concrete revolution. This involved the extensive use of concrete, the barrel arch and the vaulted arch. Although the Romans were not the first in history to use concrete, they developed a type of concrete (opus caementicium) which was as resistant as modern concrete and which also set underwater (and therefore could be used to build docks for ports, dams, aqueducts and bridges). It was less fluid than modern concrete and had to be layered by hand. It was made by mixing a volcanic rock called pozzolana (which is named after Pozzuoli, a suburb of Naples) with lime and adding rubble from stones, bricks or pottery shreds as aggregates which added body to it. Concrete had technical and practical advantages. It was exceptionally strong and could span great distances when shaped into arches, vaults and domes as it could be moulded. It was layered into a formwork and it took the shape of its container. It did not require skilled labour and therefore was cheaper. It was much faster for construction than laborious masonry walls. It was safer because concrete-vaulted roofing was fireproof, unlike the wooden-beamed roofs of traditional construction methods. With this revolution the potential of the previously little used arch, vault, and dome was fully exploited for the first time. The Etruscans are said to have invented the simple (barrel) arch. The oldest example of the vaulted arch has been found in the Greek city of Pergamon (in western Turkey). The vaulted arch came into two forms: the groin arch was formed with two to four intersecting barrel arches and the rib arch, where the intersecting barrels were not of the same diameter. The Romans were first to fully appreciate the advantages of the arch and the vault. The arch has a strong load- bearing capacity. The vault has an even greater load bearing capacity and its structure is suited to support large roofs. Their construction in concrete made them easier to build and even stronger. This led to the use larger and monumental arches and vaults on a grand scale. However, the Romans did not abandon masonry arches and vaults. Concrete and the arch and the vault were the three elements which enabled the Romans to go beyond the use of Greek methods of enclosing space by the use of cut-stone and post-and-beam or post-and-lintel structures. They became essential for large buildings and roofs. They were used to build large buildings, such as basilicas (public buildings) amphitheatres (arenas), theatres, baths, circuses (racing tracks) domes, forts and fortifications, bridges, aqueducts, and dams. They also made it possible to build bridges which were much longer than before and could cross much wider rivers and valleys. Concrete was also used to assist the construction of the stone-paved roads. A ditch was ploughed down to the firmest layer of ground that was found. The ditch was filled with rubble from local materials or sand (when it could be found) up to one metre from the surface level. A flat floor of compacted gravel was made. Then a surface was made by embedding the stones in concrete to create the paving. The concrete was laid in two thin layers. The bottom one had coarse concrete and the top one had fine concrete.
What size are roman shields?
According to the ancient writer Polybius, the Roman shield was convex in shape and had straight sides. It was 4 feet long and 2 1/2 feet wide. The Romans had several shields. The first known one was the clipeus and was modelled on the Greek Hoplon. It was round and concave. it was nearly 1 yard across and was made of wood with bronze on the outside and leather on the inside. In the Samnite wars, the Romans adopted the Samnite scutum. Originally it was oval and concave. Its size is mentioned above. The measurement is in Roman feet (1 Roman foot = 0.9708 English feet). Later it became square. The Parma shield was introduced in the late empire. It was used by the auxiliaries and the cavalry. It was very similar to the clipeus, but it was made of iron.
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