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Among the most immediate: The Holy Trinity (Father, Son and Holy Ghost) Jesus, Mary, Joseph, the 12 Disciples, John - The Baptist, Mary Magdelene, and the Devil.

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Continue Learning about History of Western Civilization

Describe the influence of the Roman Catholic Church on music in the Middle Ages?

The influence of the Roman Catholic Church in the Middle Ages was a major factor in art and science. The Church had a tendency to stifle science while encouraging religious art.


A major contribution of European universities to the scientific revolution?

Allowing scholars to study topics other than those supported by the Catholic Church.


What were the main unifying factors of medieval Europe?

Oversimplified, the major unifying force of Europe during the middle ages was universal Christianity (both Roman Catholic and Orthodox) providing an us-vs-them mentality in oppostion to their Islamic foes in the Ottoman Empire, the caliphates (abbasid, fatimid, etc.), the Emirate of Cordoba, and Al-Andulas.


What was the role of Ignatius of Loyola and popes Paul iii and Paul iv during the reformation?

Ignatius of Loyola founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in 1534, which played a crucial role in the Catholic Counter-Reformation by promoting education, missionary work, and loyalty to the papacy. Pope Paul III, who reigned from 1534 to 1549, initiated reforms within the Church, convened the Council of Trent, and recognized the Jesuits, bolstering the Catholic response to Protestantism. Pope Paul IV, who followed from 1555 to 1559, took a more hardline approach against Protestantism, enforcing the Index of Forbidden Books and strengthening the Inquisition to combat heresy. Together, these figures shaped the Catholic Church's response to the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation.


Why was the first crusade important?

To some people it does not matter. But for Catholic people, this was a major event. The first crusade conquered Jerusalem. Jerusalem is said to be where Jesus died and then resuscitated. The four nobles that led the crusade then killed all people in the city and the survivors were sold into slavery.