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The term "Balkanization" originated from the geopolitical fragmentation that occurred in the Balkan Peninsula in the early 20th century, particularly after the Balkan Wars and the dissolution of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. It refers to the process of dividing a region or state into smaller, often ethnically or culturally distinct entities, which can lead to conflict and instability. The term reflects the complex ethnic tensions and nationalistic movements characteristic of the Balkans, where diverse groups struggled for autonomy and self-determination.

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