It popularized classical Greek and Roman ideas that had been lost during the medieval period.
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Spain.
Their location along the Mediterranean Sea made them major centers of trade.
The European Renaissance was a time where the churhc split into two major religions, the Roman Catholics and the Protestants. The Renaissance was a time where it made the people look at the Christian faith and notice its flaws. It made the people think about what the church was doing and it made them think about what powers the church was abusing.
One major characteristic of the Renaissance period was humanism. Humanism is defined as an appreciation of the basic worth of a personal achievement.
The New World and the Asian islands because these gave European powers unprecedented wealth; and in North America their culture is extremely prevalent.