Feudalism.
Pliny the Elder
The Roman catholic church during the middle ages in Europe can best be described as a church that was a stable influence. This was during a time where central governments were weaker.
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1200-1400
During the eighteenth century, the Maratha Empire was one of the most powerful Indian nations, expanding its influence across large parts of India. Their military prowess and effective administration allowed them to challenge Mughal authority and establish a significant presence in the subcontinent. However, the period was also marked by the rise of regional powers and the increasing influence of European colonial forces, particularly the British and the French, which eventually led to significant changes in the political landscape of India.
There was only one organization that had broad authority over most of western Europe during the Middle Ages, which was the Church. You should understand, however, that the authority of the Church was always limited by secular authority and internal division, and was very often challenged by the various emperors and kings, so to call it the central authority is not entirely accurate.
During periods of no centralized authority in medieval Europe, such as after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, local nobles and feudal lords often obtained power. They established their own territories and maintained control through military strength and alliances. The feudal system emerged, where loyalty and service were exchanged for protection and land. As a result, these local leaders became the primary authority figures in their regions, often filling the vacuum left by the absence of a central government.
The central ideas of the Enlightenment were reason, individualism, skepticism of authority, and the belief in progress through science and education. Philosophers during this period challenged traditional authorities and promoted ideas of freedom, equality, and human rights.
The ceremonial war club in the House of Commons, known as the "Mace," symbolizes the authority and power of the House. It is a symbol of order and serves as a reminder of the necessity of law and governance in Parliament. The Mace is placed on the central table during sessions, and its absence signifies that the House is not in session. Its history and significance highlight the traditions and ceremonies that underpin the functioning of the British Parliament.
No
Her pregnancy.
yes
regent
A confederacy is an alliance of independent states with a weak central or national government. In this system, supreme authority is granted to individual states, and the central government mainly acts as a coordinating body for common issues. Examples include the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War and the Swiss Confederation.
In the absence of crossing over during meiosis, four genetically distinct gametes are produced.
Pease is the state prevailing during the absence of war.
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