Vergil, Hirace, and Ovid
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Augustus died at Nola in 14 AD. His cause of death is not specific, the most the ancient writers tells us its that he caught a chill, had a fever and died. At any rate he died of natural causes at the age of 77.Augustus died at Nola in 14 AD. His cause of death is not specific, the most the ancient writers tells us its that he caught a chill, had a fever and died. At any rate he died of natural causes at the age of 77.Augustus died at Nola in 14 AD. His cause of death is not specific, the most the ancient writers tells us its that he caught a chill, had a fever and died. At any rate he died of natural causes at the age of 77.Augustus died at Nola in 14 AD. His cause of death is not specific, the most the ancient writers tells us its that he caught a chill, had a fever and died. At any rate he died of natural causes at the age of 77.Augustus died at Nola in 14 AD. His cause of death is not specific, the most the ancient writers tells us its that he caught a chill, had a fever and died. At any rate he died of natural causes at the age of 77.Augustus died at Nola in 14 AD. His cause of death is not specific, the most the ancient writers tells us its that he caught a chill, had a fever and died. At any rate he died of natural causes at the age of 77.Augustus died at Nola in 14 AD. His cause of death is not specific, the most the ancient writers tells us its that he caught a chill, had a fever and died. At any rate he died of natural causes at the age of 77.Augustus died at Nola in 14 AD. His cause of death is not specific, the most the ancient writers tells us its that he caught a chill, had a fever and died. At any rate he died of natural causes at the age of 77.Augustus died at Nola in 14 AD. His cause of death is not specific, the most the ancient writers tells us its that he caught a chill, had a fever and died. At any rate he died of natural causes at the age of 77.
Augustus was famous for many things. one of them was his defeating Marc Antony in the final civil war of the Roman Republic. With this victory he became the sole ruler od Rome and her conquered territories. He ended the Roman Republic, established his own absolute personal rule, became the first Roman Emperor and begun Rome's 503 years of rule by emperors. He is also was famous for promoting extensive public works programmes in the city of Rome and on his deathbed he said "I have found Rome a city of bricks and I left it a city of marble.' Augustus was also a patron of literature and presided over the Augustan age period of the Golden Age of Latin literature. The three canonical writers of Latin literature, Virgil, Horace and Ovid lived during Augustus' reign.
Cassius Dio wrote that a certain Fannus Caepio instigated a plot against Augustus and said that "[e]ven Murena was reported to be in the conspiracy, whether truly or by way of calumny, since he was immoderate and unrestrained in his outspokenness towards all alike." The men did not turn up for the trial and were convicted in absentia "on the supposition that they intended to flee; and a little later they were slain." Cassius Dio also said that some of Murena's relatives were "most highly honoured by Augustus" but did not intervene to try to save him. He also said that because some of the jury had voted for acquittal, Augustus made a law which required that convictions in trials in absentia had to be by unanimous vote. The only other information we have is form Suetonius who said that Maecenas had betrayed the secret of the discovery of Murena's conspiracy to his wife Terentia and that Tiberius presided over the trial. The Murena in question is probably Varro Murena who was consul suffect in 23 BC. Marcus Primus, the governor of Macedonia, was accused of declaring a war without the consent of the Senate. Murena defended Primus at his trial, who claimed that Augustus had ordered the war. This was a serious matter because under the First Settlement of 27 BC Macedonia had been designated a province under the jurisdiction of the senate and Augustus' ordering the governor of this province to wage war would have been a breach of the prerogative of the senate. Due to the gravity of the case, Augustus appeared at the trial even though he had not been called as a witness and under oath the denied giving any such orders. Murena felt that Augustus was subverting the trial and asked why he attended the trial even though he was not required to do so. Augustus said that he went there because it was in the public interest.
The imperial period of Roman literature (the Age of Augustus) is known as the "golden age" due to the patronage of the arts by the emperor. This period included works by the poets Vergil, Horace, and Ovid.
he built bridges and aquaductsAugustus radically transformed the Roman government. He emerged as the final victor of the civil wars which tore the Roman Republic apart. He established his own absolute power, became the first Roman emperor and started the 503-year period of absolute rule by emperors.Augustus did away with the constitutional arrangements of the Roman Republic. The powers of the popular assemblies to elect the executive officers of state were transferred to the (unelected) senate. The senate, in turn, was turned into an instrument of his power. Augustus came to appoint the officers of state himself. He also created an imperial bureaucracy he was in charge of. He also took control of the Roman legions and ensured that the soldiers were paid by the emperor by creating a military treasury under his control. He also made all the executive decisions. The tight control of the emperor over the state and politics was continued by his successors.