Who launched the crusades were a holy war?

Who was a rich and powerful council of Roman who helped run the city? What is the main idea of this passage from Morte d' Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory? How did the northern region grow? What day of the week was June 19 1945? Which American legal practices did not come from Roman Law of Nations? What is wocnix? What rights did plebeians gain? What is the twelve countries that were once part of Roman Empire? What technology made it possible for Europeans to begin exploring overseas? What brought Cold War to an end? How many Romes are there? Why did the Romans change their government form a monarchy to a republic? Why did the western front turn into a stalemate during World War 1? What was the experience of the middle passage like for enslaved west africans? Which civilization started first? What does continuous adaptation to suit the whims of others undermines excellence mean? Can any tell me the history of the letter W? How many years did the western part of rome survive after the empire split in two? What is the 7th century? What is the definition of the word decended?