Who orchestrated the battles during the Crusades in the 1500s?

Answer 1

The Crusades primarily occurred from the late 11th to the late 13th centuries, with the last major Crusade ending in 1291. By the 1500s, the focus had shifted to other conflicts, such as the Ottoman Empire's expansion and the European wars of religion. During this period, local rulers, monarchs, and military leaders coordinated battles rather than a centralized authority orchestrating Crusades. Notable figures included European monarchs and the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, but the concept of Crusades as initially envisioned had largely faded.