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The surname Clarke is an Irish occupational name for a scribe or secretary, originally a member of a minor religious order. Derived from the word clerc which signified a member of a religious order. In medieval Christian Europe, clergy in minor orders were permitted to marry and have families. In the Middle Ages it was virtually only members of religious orders who learned to read and write.
In order to establish himself as a merchant a man needed to be free from feudal commitments; he needed financial wealth; he needed contacts among the merchant and seafaring community; he needed to know his goods in order to tell good quality from bad quality and avoid being tricked; he needed a place for storage and suitable sales outlets; he needed to know local laws and regulations on the import and export of goods, payment of taxes, prohibited goods and so on. For these reasons it was often the son of a merchant who took over his father's business when he retired or died. This allowed him to simply take over where the father left off, with all the contacts and trade knowledge he needed. We know from the wills of medieval merchants that businesses were often legally transferred to an eldest son.
Charlemagne changed Europe by creating order. He did that by joining different countries together.
Greek empire, Roman empire, Medieval period.
Medieval official who saw that peasants did their work.Officer of the court responsible for maintaining order in the courtroom.
Medieval guards were responsible for protecting their communities from threats such as thieves, bandits, and invaders. They patrolled the streets, manned the city gates, and enforced laws and regulations. They also played a role in maintaining order during events and festivals, as well as assisting in the event of fires or other emergencies.
Nobility
In medieval Europe, a seigneur's duties typically included maintaining law and order within their domain, providing protection to their vassals, overseeing the administration of justice, collecting taxes and other dues, as well as managing the resources of their estate. They were responsible for ensuring the well-being and productivity of the land and its inhabitants under their control.
The Bailif is responsible for court safety and decorum and carries out the orders of the judge.
The judge is primarily responsible for maintaining order in the courtroom. They ensure that proceedings are conducted fairly, that everyone follows courtroom rules, and that decorum is maintained during trials.
The largest policeman's beat in Europe is in the United Kingdom, specifically in the City of London. This area is known for its historic and financial significance, encompassing various landmarks and institutions. The City of London Police is responsible for maintaining safety and order in this unique jurisdiction.
Baliff
Medieval European society consisted of a hierarchy. In order of decreasing levels the hierarchy listed kings, nobles, knights, merchants/farmers/craftsmen, and then peasants/serfs.
French barons in the medieval feudal system held significant power and authority over their lands and vassals. They were responsible for governing their territories, providing military support to their overlords, and maintaining law and order. Barons also played a crucial role in the hierarchy of feudal society, serving as intermediaries between the king and the common people.
Medieval guards were responsible for protecting castles and kingdoms by patrolling the walls, gates, and grounds, monitoring for any signs of danger or intruders. They were also tasked with maintaining order within the castle, enforcing laws, and assisting in the defense of the castle during attacks. Guards were expected to be vigilant, skilled in combat, and loyal to their lord or ruler.
Maurizio Lupoi has written: 'The origins of the European legal order' -- subject(s): Europe, History, Law, Law, Medieval, Medieval Law 'Trusts' -- subject(s): Trusts and trustees