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What are the Crusades?

Originally the Crusades had the aim of taking Jerusalem from Muslim control.AnswerThe Crusades were a series of religiously sanctioned military campaigns waged by much of Latin Christian Europe, particularly the Franks of France and the Holy Roman Empire. The specific crusades to restore Christian control of the Holy Land were fought over a period of nearly 200 years, between 1095 and 1291. Other campaigns in Spain and Eastern Europe continued into the 15th century. The Crusades were fought mainly by Roman Catholic forces (taking place after the East-West Schism and mostly before the Protestant Reformation) against Muslims who had occupied the near east since the time of the Rashidun Caliphate, although campaigns were also waged against pagan Slavs, pagan Balts, Jews, Russian and Greek Orthodox Christians, Mongols, Cathars, Hussites, Waldensians, Old Prussians, and political enemies of the various popes. Orthodox Christians also took part in fighting against Islamic forces in some Crusades. Crusaders took vows and were granted penance for past sins, often called an indulgence. The Crusades originally had the goal of recapturing Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule and were launched in response to a call from the Christian Byzantine Empire for help against the expansion of the Muslim Seljuk Turks into Anatolia. The term is also used to describe contemporaneous and subsequent campaigns conducted through to the 16th century in territories outside the Levant usually against pagans, heretics, and peoples under the ban of excommunication for a mixture of religious, economic, and political reasons. Rivalries among both Christian and Muslim powers led also to alliances between religious factions against their opponents, such as the Christian alliance with the Sultanate of Rum during the Fifth Crusade.The Crusades had far-reaching political, economic, and social impacts, some of which have lasted into contemporary times. Because of internal conflicts among Christian kingdoms and political powers, some of the crusade expeditions were diverted from their original aim, such as the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the sack of Christian Constantinople and the partition of the Byzantine Empire between Venice and the Crusaders. The Sixth Crusade was the first crusade to set sail without the official blessing of the Pope. The Seventh, Eighth and Ninth Crusades resulted in Mamluk and Hafsid victories, as the Ninth Crusade marked the end of the Crusades in the Middle East.


Related Questions

When were the hussites active?

Didn't your mom send you to school you answer it!


What did the hussites demand?

They demanded money and riches from the English empire because when they had been ruled my the English they had been treated very poorly and some Hussites became slaves.


What did the hussites print in 1501?

In 1501 the worldwide first Protestant hymn has been printed out in Czech kingdom. The hymn has not been printed by Hussites but by Unitas Fratrum, (Unity of Brethren) a next non catholic organization in Bohemia.


What happened to Jan hus?

Jan Hus was a Czech theologian and religious reformer who was condemned as a heretic and burned at the stake in 1415 during the Council of Constance. His teachings paved the way for the Hussite movement in Bohemia, which led to the Hussite Wars. Hus is remembered as a martyr for challenging the practices of the Catholic Church.


What role did the Hussite war wagons play in the military tactics of the Hussite Wars?

The Hussite war wagons were mobile fortresses used by the Hussites in the Hussite Wars to provide protection and firepower on the battlefield. They were crucial in allowing the Hussites to move quickly and set up defensive positions, changing the traditional tactics of warfare at the time.


What has the author Johann Loserth written?

Johann Loserth has written: 'Huss und Wiclif' -- subject(s): Doctrinal Theology, Early movements, History, Hussites, Reformation, Theology, Doctrinal


What has the author Croydon Ford Battershell written?

Croydon Ford Battershell has written: 'The Czech connection with the Hussite martyrs of Gnadenhutten' -- subject(s): History, Czechs, Hussites, Moravian Indians


What group followed the teachings of John Huss?

The followers of John Huss were known as the Hussites. Emerging in the early 15th century in Bohemia, they sought to reform the Church and emphasized scripture and communion under both kinds (bread and wine). The Hussites played a significant role in the early Protestant movement and were notable for their resistance against Catholic authority, leading to a series of conflicts known as the Hussite Wars. Their legacy influenced later reformers, including Martin Luther.


What has the author Isaac de Beausobre written?

Isaac de Beausobre has written: 'St. Jatzko, or, A commentary on a passage in the plea made by the advocate for the Jesuits at Thorn, in which mention is made of this Polish saint' 'Remarques historiques, critiques et philologiques sur le Nouveau Testament' -- subject(s): Bible, Commentaries, Early works to 1800, History and criticism 'Supplement a l'Histoire de la guerre des Hussites de Mr. Lenfant' -- subject(s): Early works to 1800, History, Hussites


When did Anabaptist start?

Most people accept that Anabaptists originated in the 16th century, during the Radical Reformation. However, some groups before the Anabaptists had the same principles. These groups include the Waldensians, the Brethren of the Common Life, Dutch Sacramentists, and the Hussites.


Who fought in crusades?

The Christians of Europe led the Crusades, and sometimes their holy rulers or kings would lead them in battle. An example of this would be Pope Urban II on the first crusade. They were waged against the Muslims, Russian and Greek Orthodox Christians, Mongols, Cathars, Hussites.


What has the author Jacques Lenfant written?

Jacques Lenfant has written: 'Histoire de la guerre des Hussites et du Concile de Basle' -- subject(s): Adamites, Council of Basel (1431-1449), History, Hussites, Reformation 'Histoire du Concile de Constance' -- subject(s): Council of Constance (1414-1418), Popes, Schism, The Great Western, 1378-1417, Ecumenical Councils and synods, Primacy 'Apologie par l'auteur de l'histoire du Concile de Constance, contre le Journal de Trevoux, du mois de Decembre, 1714'