Four.
Four, they represent the four Sundays of Advent.
Advent is the four Sundays before Christmas. My church has an "advent wreath" with five candles (one for each of the Sundays of advent and one for Christmas eve).
The 4 Sundays before Christmas Day are part of Advent. Advent begins on the first of those Sundays. The date will vary each year, so it can start in late November or early December.
Lent is the 40 days before Easter and Advent is the 4 Sundays before Christmas.
The Gloria is not said at Mass during Advent and Lent.
The Glorious Mysteries are prayed on a Wednesdays and most Sundays. The exception are the Sundays of Lent, on which the Sorrowful Mysteries are prayed and the Sundays of Advent, on which the Joyful Mysteries are prayed.
Advent candles are traditionally lit on each of the four Sundays leading up to Christmas.
Advent lasts about 4 weeks, depending on the day when Christmas falls. It includes the four Sundays prior to December 25.
The four Sundays prior to Christmas Day, December 25th. They can fall anywhere from November 27th to December 24th.
The term you are looking for is "Advent." Advent is a season observed in many Christian churches as a time of expectant waiting and preparation for the celebration of the birth of Jesus at Christmas. It spans the four Sundays leading up to Christmas.
Each candle on an Advent wreath represents one of the Sundays of Advent. A candle is lighted at the beginning of Mass on that Sunday. An Advent wreath in the home is lite for whatever reason that person has an Advent wreath. They are not an official liturgical thing.
The Advent candles should be lit on the four Sundays leading up to Christmas, starting on December 3rd in 2017.