Oh honey, Shabbat starts at sunset on Friday evening. It's like Cinderella's curfew, but for the weekend. So, make sure you've got your challah and wine ready to go before the sun dips below the horizon.
to honour the shabbat
Religiously observant Jews would not board a plane if Shabbat were to start while in transit. The issue wouldn't be landing during Shabbat, the issue would be flying during Shabbat.
Shabbat is the 7th day of the week, which is Saturday. All Jewish holidays start at sunset, so Shabbat starts on every Friday night and ends at Saturday night.
It is a Minhag (Tradition) that the woman of the house lights the Shabbat candles. (The reason for this is mentioned in the Talmud, that says that this is a Tikun (a correction, an amendment) to the "original sin" of Hava (Eve)) According to many Poskim (Rabbis) this act is a declaration of Kabbalat Shabbat (Welcoming the Shabbat) and thus the woman is usually the first to start the shabbat.
Friday at sundown
They prepare their children for Shabbat and light the Shabbat candles.
"Shabbat Shalom!"
They're called Shabbat candles (Neirot Shabbat in Hebrew).
After Shabbat, there is the Havdalah service.
Shabbat Shabbatot
Shabbat comes from the Hebrew word for sit/rest. Shabbat is the day of rest.
Shabbat Shalom (שבת שלום).Note: This means 'A peaceful shabbat'. The phrase "happy shabbat" is not a phrase that is traditionally used.