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Over the past 2000 years, the churches of the world have divided into different communities over questions of doctrine and authority.

The Orthodox community, under the archbishop of Constantinople, separated from the Catholic community, under the Pope (the bishop of Rome), in 1054.

This ostensibly arose because the Catholics had made a change to the Nicene Creed without the authority of an ecumenical council. There was a theological question at the centre of the dispute as well.

This controversy brought into sharp focus the difference between the eastern and western positions on authority within the Church.

The Catholic branch of the Church considers that all authority in the Church vests in the Pope. This position is not accepted in most of the non-western parts of the Church. This issue was also an important part of the Protestant reformation, and led to western churches rejecting the ultimate authority of the Pope, and seeking authority elsewhere.

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