To adjust the derailleur on a mountain bike for optimal performance, start by shifting the chain to the smallest rear cog and the smallest front chainring. Then, adjust the high limit screw to align the derailleur with the smallest cog. Next, shift to the largest rear cog and the largest front chainring, and adjust the low limit screw to align the derailleur with the largest cog. Finally, fine-tune the indexing by adjusting the barrel adjuster until the shifting is smooth and precise.
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