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Not really, but it sure makes riding easier. There are hubs w/o the ratchet mechanism, and they're called fixies, or fixed wheels. Some like them for the more direct riding experience, some for their ruggedness(good winter bikes), yet some like the clean looks of the bike and the driveline. What happens if you leave the ratchet out is that the pedals will always keep spinning, which can be awkward during descents and cornering.

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