Biomass power stations. (Regular power stations that burn coal can easily be converted to burning biomass (vegetation), reducing pollution, just by changing the fuel.)
Biodegradable waste can be digested by bacteria which will produce methane as a byproduct; methane is a flammable gas that can be used as fuel to run a turbine that generates electricity.
Depends on which kind of waste is used for the production.
You are probably thinking of waste dumps where methane is generated by the decay of organic matter, and where this methane is collected and used to produce electricity. Combustion engines can run directly from the methane coupled to a generator.
No, Carbon dioxide is used by the plant to produce sugars during photosysnthesis. In this reaction Oxygen is a waste or by-product
Depends on where you get the electricity to recharge the batteries. If the electricity is produced in a hydro-electric plant then there is almost no pollution. If the electricity comes from a nuclear power plant then you have nuclear waste. If the electricity comes from a coal-fired plant that you do have pollution from the burning of coal.
They do not produce waste products that cause pollution.
by the sun giving energy to it in order to get out and produce other things...
sludge.
A combined cycle power plant has multiple thermodynamic cycles. This increases efficiency. For example, a gas turbine can be used to produce electricity, but only about 40% of the heat is actually converted in the process. 60% of the heat is lost, and in a single cycle plant would be considered waste heat. In a combined cycle plant, that waste heat could be used to drive a second, steam turbine to produce more electricity. In such a case, the efficiency could be increased from 40% to nearly 60%. It is possible to go further. The waste heat from the combined cycle electric plant can be used to heat buildings, for instance, increasing overall efficiency to more than 65%. This is called Cogeneration.
Burning stuff like wood, waste and other plant matter releases stored chemical energy in the form of heat, which can be used to turn shafts to produce electricity. Let's see this simple illustration of how biomass is used to generate electricity
When hydrogen is burned in oxygen, water is produced. I'm not sure if that's what you were looking for or not. You can use the heat generated to produce electricity, but it's not really "waste" in the normal sense of the word.
There are many different types of waste products, but organic waste can often be used to produce methane, which is a good fuel for running a steam turbine that generates electricity. Many other types of waste can be burned as they are, without first converting them to methane, although some types of waste are tricky to burn since they can produce toxic gases.