Gravity, Friction and Air Resistance.
Friction is trying to slow you down
Gravity is pulling you towards the bottom of the hill
Air resistance is trying to keep you on the hill
Riding a bike uphill is generally more challenging than riding downhill because you have to pedal harder against gravity to move forward.
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Any car that has to go uphill requires more effort than on a flat surface or downhill. Mainly because uphill is steeper (in an up direction) which also pushes against gravity.
Friction - several different kinds - and inertia. If riding uphill, also gravity.
When riding a bicycle uphill, the energy conversion involves converting chemical energy from food consumed into kinetic energy to pedal the bike uphill against gravity. When riding downhill, potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the bike accelerates due to gravity. Some energy is lost as heat and air resistance during both uphill and downhill cycling.
about 50-60 psi for uphill riding
The best bike for uphill riding is a lightweight mountain bike with a good suspension system and gears that allow for easy climbing. Look for a bike with a sturdy frame and reliable brakes to handle the challenging terrain.
For uphill riding, using lower gears on a bicycle is most effective. Lower gears make it easier to pedal and maintain a steady pace while climbing steep inclines.
When going uphill, you are primarily pushing against gravity to move your body and any additional weight uphill. Additionally, you are also exerting force against any friction present between your feet and the surface you are walking or climbing on.
Going uphill, riding over soft terrain, or riding somewhere tricky where you need to be able to go slow.
The best bikes for uphill riding are typically lightweight, have a good range of gears for climbing, and feature a sturdy frame for stability. Mountain bikes, gravel bikes, and road bikes with compact gearing are popular choices for tackling steep inclines.
Plenty of reasons. You might be riding somewhere where there's no other option than to drag your own sorry as uphill yourself if you want to get where you're going. You might think it's a more honest approach to the sport. You might want the intense exercise riding uphill provides. You might prefer the zero-emission status of pure human powered riding.