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A cog is generally considered a toothed wheel that engages another toothed wheel. On bicycles, these are almost only found in internal gear hubs.

Cogs are made out of iron-based alloys, "steel". Steels are available in a wide variety of qualities.

Cog steel is quite high quality, strong and hard wearing.

Bicycles generally have sprockets - toothed wheels that engages a chain.

For regular bikes, the big front sprocket is called a chainring/chainwheel, while the rear sprocket is called a sprocket.

(BMXes for some reason call the front the sprocket and the rear the driver.)

Using regular BikeSpeak, sprockets are usually made out of iron-based alloys, "steel". Steels are available in a wide variety of qualities.

Chainrings/chainwheels may be made out of either steel or aluminium (alloys). Steel lasts longer, but are heavier.

Sprockets are almost never made out of as aluminium. Being smaller, with less teeth to share the load, they wear too fast to make aluminium a sensible choice. Titanium can be used, both for sprockets and chainrings, but also wears faster than steel and is quite expensive.

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