It depends on whether you are talking about the front sprocket (the one at the pedals, called a chainring) or the sprocket at the rear derailleur.
The lowest gear at the front is the smallest sprocket/chainring. The lowest gear at the rear is the largest sprocket. So if you combine the smallest sprocket at the front with the largest sprocket in the rear you have the lowest gear available on your bike.
Larrge at the front and small at the rear
Even slower
The sprocket on the nose of the crankshaft that drives the cam sprocket.
Chain is on the smallest sprocket on the crank and on the largest sprocket on the rear wheel
Depends on if you're looking at the wheel or if you're looking at the pedals. 1st gear, the one where pedalling is easiest, is the biggest sprocket at the rear, and the smallest chainwheel at the front.
On a bike there's one(or more) front sprocket(s) by the pedals connected by a chain to one(or more) rear sprocket(s) by the rear wheel. As the wheel isn't driven directly by the pedals, and there's usually a difference in size between the front & rear sprocket this constitutes a gear.
In the gear shop where you found "Sprocket" the robot who follows you around. If you have yet to fine Sprocket go in the gear shop and he will be sleeping, ring the bell and he will wake up. He will follow you around... If you need help...( HINT )
If you move from a big chainwheel to a smaller chainwheel by the pedals, pushing the pedals will get easier. If you move from a big sprocket to a smaller sprocket by the rear wheel, pushing the pedals will get heavier.
1st gear is the gear where you can pedal with the least resistance. For a bicycle with external gears the chain should be on a big sprocket at the back and a small chainwheel at the front.
calculating sprocket RPM is very easy if you know what the RPM of the drive sprocket is. If you know that then it is a simple fraction problem. If you make the drive gear the numerator or the top part of the fraction and the driven gear the denominator or the bottom part of the fraction (DRIVE/DRIVEN) I.E. if the drive sprocket has 25 teeth and your driven sprocket has 100 teeth (25/100) that will reduce to (1/4) or a 4:1 ratio. So if your drive sprocket is spinning at 1000 RPM then your driven sprocket will be spinning at 250 RPM. You can plug your specific sprocket tooth count into that equation and come up with the right answer.
If you are asking about the sprocket bolted to the front of the cam, you would need to remove the timing cover and remove the 3 bolts on the front of the sprocket. If you are asking about the gear on the back that drives the distributor, it is integral and cannot be pulled.
The timing marks for the cam sprocket on a 98 S10 is on the front. The marks for the crank shaft is on the oil pump gear.