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I had to do a research project on this and found it extremely difficult. There are different ways of making paper here is what i did.
Step 1: Getting the trees from the forest
Step 2: Debarking, Chipping and/or Recycling Logs are passed through a debarker, where the bark is removed, and through chippers, where spinning blades cut the wood into 1" pieces. Those wood chips are then pressure-cooked with a mixture of water and chemicals in a digester.
Step 3: Pulp Preparation The pulp is washed, refined, cleaned and sometimes bleached, then turned to slush in the beater. Colour dyes, coatings and other additives are mixed in, and the pulp slush is pumped onto a moving wire screen.
Step 4: Paper Formation
As the pulp travels down the screen, water is drained away and recycled. The resulting crude paper sheet, or web, is squeezed between large rollers to remove most of the remaining water and ensure smoothness and uniform thickness. The semi-dry web is then run through heated dryer rollers to remove the remaining water.
Step 5: Paper Finishing
The finished paper is then wound into large rolls, which can be 30 feet wide and weigh close to 25 tons. A slitter cuts the paper into smaller, more manageable rolls, and the paper is ready for use.
Mechanical Pulp
Step by Step Process
1) Logs are immersed in water
2) The logs then have their barks removed.
3) The wood is then ground down to from a pulp
4) Pieces of 1-2mm carry on to be produced, anything larger goes through the process again.
5) The pulp is then bleached.
Chemical Pulp
Also a way of producing paper and board, the less efficient of the two as many chemicals are used to break down the lignin in the wood fibres. This method is used for materials that need to be stronger. The machine used is called a digester a large container where all the breaking down of the fibres happens. It enters the top of the digester and comes out the bottom of the digester after 6 hours as pulp.
Step by step process.
1) Logs (hardwood & softwood) have their barks removed.
2) Logs are cut into 20mm chips (along the grain)
3) Chips are pounded into fragments (and screened)
4) Pulp is treated with acid or alkaline (bleach)
5) All of this is done in the digester
6) Lignin is dissolved away
7) Fibres are filtered out then washed.
Waste Pulp
The recycling of paper.
Step by step process.
1) Recycled paper is ground down into a pulp
2) All the metal bits are filtered out.
3) The ink is removed.
4) Waste pulp can be mixed with virgin fibres (i.e. from MP/CP processes) this improves quality
5) Processed with bonding agents/pigments/bleach
6) A sizing agent may be added to improve water resistance/prevent ink from bleeding.
A:The wood is turned into pulp, which is then treated with chemicals that effectively break up all the cellulose, leaving only the fiber strings.The fiber is then used to make paper pulp. Colors and other additives are added as needed, and the paper is created.
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