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A Kingdom is a level of classification of living organisms which used to be the highest level of distinguishing one major group from another. When I was going to school, there were only two Kingdoms being taught in my Biology text book's classification system: Plant Kingdom and Animal Kingdom. All living things were lumped in one or the other, and so some single celled organisms were considered to be in Animal Kingdom (such as amoebas and paramecium) and others were considered to be in the Plant Kingdom (such as yeast and algae). Mushrooms and other fungi were placed in the Plant Kingdom. Most scientists of the day were way ahead of this system, but it sometimes takes a long time (in this case several centuries) for textbooks to catch up to current understanding (and let that be a caveat to you). By the time I started teaching High School in the 1980's, there had been a shift in the textbooks to a 5 Kingdom system (proposed in 1969 by Robert Whittaker), Monera (bacteria), Protista (single celled organisms like algae and amoebas), Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia, but people started talking about a higher level of classification, the Domain. By the time I started teaching college in the 1990's, we were teaching the 3 Domains, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Now, Eukarya contained the Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia but Monerans were split into either the Domain Bacteria or the Domain Archaea, depending on major characteristics. So now the scientific definition of kingdom is the ranking within the classification system just below domain. If you look a little further into this subject, you will see that there is quite a bit of debate as to how many kingdoms there actually are, but most people still teach and hold onto the 5 Kingdom system, within the 3 Domains system, even though the molecular evidence does not support this entirely.

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11y ago

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